Monday, October 26, 2026

TODAY'S NUGGET: Juliet of the Spirits (1965) - "Availability of Consciousness" Makes Fellini's Work Special

[Quick Summary: Juliet is haunted by mystical visions and memories as she ponders leaving her cheating husband.] 

This book of the published script has a lot of great material on Fellini's process, including an introductory essay, the screenplay, and a translation of the final film.

The introduction has a great description of what makes Fellini special:

The true alchemy of Fellini is his ability to touch a profound human note at the same time he mobilizes an undisciplined and indecipherable universe. It could be a lesson to those who claim to be upset and confused by modern life. What Fellini has learned in these last years, going beyond the rather mystical enchantment of his early efforts, is a kind of availability of consciousness.  (from "Twenty Years Later" by Tullio Kezich)(my underlining)

One way he demonstrates this "availability of consciousness" is by finding an image that externalizes the protagonist's internal state.

For example, in the scene below:
- Juliet's husband is cheating on her.
- Juliet goes to her fascinating neighbor Susy's party.
- Susy encourages Juliet to have a fling.
- Juliet is conflicted about it.  She is frightened by an image of a woman and a burning grate.
- Juliet is the only one who sees this image.  
-
I include both the script and final versions below so that you may be able to see the differences.
- Note that Juliet is scared of the same image in both. 
- However, also note that the final version has a sharpened consciousness about it with the addition of eavesdroppers and Elisabetta (an innocent whom Juliet is projecting her thoughts of herself upon).

THE SCREENPLAY:
- A band is playing. Juliet compliments the pianist, who translates for the trumpet player. 
- Susy sees Juliet's interest in the trumpet player.
- Susy offers the trumpet player a place to shower & urges Juliet to show him the way.

Juliet walks through the hallway, silently followed by the trumpet player. They go into Susy's room. The window is open, and the breeze swells the curtains.

The young trumpet player, suddenly a little boy, sits down on the bed and looks up at the ceiling, where the enormous mirror reflects his image. He leans over toward Juliet, only lightly touching her with one hand. Shyly, with a childish and gay smile, he say, pointing to the mirror: 

TRUMPET PLAYER: Look there. We're together as if on a cloud; the two of us, up there.

Opening her eyes with difficulty, heavy with sleep and dizziness, Juliet asks, as if she were a thousand miles away:

JULIET: What?

But the trumpet player, with his childish smile, continues to point toward the mysterious luminosity of the mirror.

Juliet, suddenly embarrassed, looks up and sees their two shapes, one next to the other, rendered almost supernatural and abstract by the mysterious perspective of the mirror.

Suddenly a huge flame flares up int he mirror and a burning wreath is superimposed on the reflected image, piercing it with lightning, almost obliterating it.

An enormous grating, in flames, with a mystical figure of a woman tied to it, occupies all the light of the mirror. 

With a cry of terror, Juliet runs away from the bed. 

 

THE TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION OF THE FINAL FILM: 
- Again, Juliet goes to Susy's party.
- Instead of a trumpet player, Juliet is alone with Susy's godson.
- Earlier, Juliet went to a seance.  Iris is the spirit that they summoned.
- There is an opening in Susy's bedroom floor that becomes a slide directly into the pool downstairs.

Juliet is alone. She walks to the huge round bed and sits on its edge, looking down the slide to Susy's pool. She sips champagne.

CUT

Susy's godson stands on the balcony. He walks slowly toward Juliet and sits beside her on the bed.

CUT

Lola, the maids, Susy, and all the women Juliet passed on the stairs listen in the darkness outside the bedroom. [Fellini adds these eavesdroppers here, which are not in the script.]

CUT

The bedroom. The shell-shaped tunnel of the slide. We hear the voice of Iris.

IRIS: Juliet! Susy is your teacher. Listen to her; learn from her.

CUT

Susy's godson, close-up. His eyes and mouth are almost sweet and gentle, but his eyebrows are demonic. He looks at Juliet.

CUT

The camera shoots through the overhead mirror down onto the couple sitting on the edge of the bed. 

CUT

JULIET: Perhaps I drank too much.

Suddenly we hear the loud whisper of a little girl. [Here, Fellini starts to bring Juliet's subconscious fears into visual reality.]

LITTLE GIRL: Juliet! What are you doing?

CUT

The camera shoots up from the bed. Seen in the mirror above, as if standing on a balcony, is a young girl dressed in white nightgown and nightcap surrounded by leaping flames. Behind her are the upright iron bars of the grill. The girl stands slightly in front of the bars, her hands raised slightly from her sides, palms out - it is Elisabetta. Her hair is blond, but she is in exactly the same position and has the same facial expression she assumed when earlier she tried to communicate her sympathy to Juliet. Sound of wind blowing. [The script had an impersonal woman being burned. Here, Fellini sharpens the personal impact by having Juliet recognize Elisabetta.  I found it quite unsettling to have a recognizable acquaintance (but a virtual stranger) in such an intimate space.]

CUT

Juliet, terrified, jumps from the bed and runs to the wall. Slowly she edges along the wall, whimpering.

CUT 

Susy's godson sits on the bed watching Juliet, puzzled.

CUT

The martyr burns before the upright grill above the ceiling. Close up of her face - Elisabetta's. Wind.

CUT

The faces of Lola and Susy as Juliet runs past them, down the stairs. 

WHAT I'VE LEARNED: I found the differences in script vs. final film interesting. 

The script version was rather expected, i.e., about fear of the unknown. 

However, the final version was wilder because it was a deeper exploration of her consciousness:  Juliet's fear of the unknown ("a human note");  fear of what people think (eavesdroppers); and fear of people in one's private spaces ("an undisciplined and indecipherable universe"). 

Juliet of the Spirits (1965)
by  Federico Fellini & Tullio Pinelli & Ennio Flaiano & Brunello Rondi
Story by Federico Fellini & Tullio Pinelli

Monday, October 19, 2026

TODAY'S NUGGET: The White Sheik (1952) - The Reaction When a Lie is Told During a Seduction

[Quick Summary: When Wanda goes to Rome to meet her new husband's relatives, she sneaks off to drop off a drawing to her film idol, the "White Sheik," and is swept up in a day of pretend on set.] 

I think one of the overarching themes in Fellini's work is the contrast between reality versus dreams and fantasies.  

In this script, Wanda literally escapes reality for the chance to meet her dream man, "the White Sheik.  She's been seduced by the fantasy.   

My favorite scene in the script (below) is when the White Sheik/Fernando rudely awakens Wanda from her fantasy ("I'm married").   

Up until this point, Wanda disregards all the red flags (he's an actor, this is a production, etc.) because she desires her fantasy connection with him so much. 

Prior to the scene below:
- Wanda wrote to the "White Sheik" who said to "come visit him" if she was ever in Rome.
- Wanda takes this seriously and drops by the film office with a gift.
- She's swept up into the production and meets the "White Sheik" who is really Fernando, an actor and a big flirt. 
- She is given a costume and the production continues to film the Sheik.  
- Wanda is living out her pretend fantasy, but it is not as glamorous as it on the big screen.
- Fernando takes her out on a boat, despite delaying the shoot.
- Fernando tries to kiss Wanda. She avoids him. 
- He's annoyed, realizing what kind of woman he's now dealing with.
- To seduce her, he makes up a lie about his wife, which Wanda believes is true. 
- Note how Fernando keeps the lies coming in order to keep the seduction going.
- Also note how readily Wanda believes him because she wants to stay in the fantasy.
 

In the boat. Day.

Wanda starts. Evidently this fact is a total and extremely distressing revelation for her. She stares at Fernando as if all her illusions were about to collapse. 

WANDA (in a whisper): Married? 

FERNANDO (astonished, shrugging his shoulders): Married.

WANDA: Married?

The Sheik gazes at her in silence, somewhat annoyed at Wanda's dismay. Then, interpreting her reaction in his own vain fashion, he continues with a shadow of a smile.

SHEIK: That upsets you? Come on, you mustn't be jealous...I don't love her...

Wanda's face expresses an even more severe and thunderstruck dismay. She slowly shifts her position away from him.

The Sheik finally realizes that he has taken the wrong tack, and immediately sets about repairing the damage as his instinct suggests.

SHEIK (pathetic, embittered): Don't judge me harshly...You can't know...I laugh, I try to be gay. (Seeing that this is the right tone, he continues, emphasizing even more the histrionic pathos of the lie.)   That woman has ruined my life...

Wanda is now listening very intently, surprised and very much distressed and perturbed.

WANDA (in a whisper): Really? 

FERNANDO:And how!

WANDA: Tell me about it, Fernando.

FERNANDO: No, you mustn't ask. 

WANDA: Please...please...

FERNANDO (bitterly, with a faint smile): It's that I...(He drops his head in silence to gain time. He moves closer to Wanda, who makes no objection this time.) It's a long, unpleasant story...I was in love with someone else. Milena...She was beautiful...as beautiful as you... (Corrects himself.) You're much more beautiful. I was to marry her...but on the wedding day, with an underhanded trick, with a magic potion... 

WANDA: What?

FERNANDO: A magic potion. The woman who is now my wife drugged me.

WANDA: Oh good heavens!

FERNANDO: She made me lose my memory...I swear...I didn't know what was going on, and when I regained my senses, I found that Milena had disappeared.

WANDA: Disappeared?!

FERNANDO: Maybe she's dead...

WANDA: Dead!

FERNANDO: Who can say?

WANDA (dismayed and moved): Poor Milena...A magic potion...

Wanda cups her head in her hands and slowly slips to the floor of the boat. 

WHAT I'VE LEARNED:  I was interested to notice that I was more interested in Wanda's reaction than in Fernando's lie because it changed her (while he did not very much).

More than the method (lie), perhaps what we, the audience, seeks to see in a romantic scene is this change in our heroine? 

The White Sheik (1952)
by Federico Fellini, Tullio Pinelli
From an original idea by Michelangelo Antonioni, Federico Fellini, Tullio Pinelli

Monday, October 12, 2026

TODAY'S NUGGET: Variety Lights (1950) - When Characters Fight in Fellini's World, There's Still a Unity to the Story

[Quick Summary: After meeting a pretty young dancer, a poor stage manager mortgages all his relationships to create a stage show around her.]

After you've had 19 of your scripts filmed by other directors, what would you write for yourself in your directing debut?  

If you were Fellini, it would be this script.  It's a polished story, though fairly linear and grounded, compared to his later work. 

I like that Fellini's scripts have a unity to them.  It's like a tethered coiled spring that sprawls out in various directions, then is pulled back to home base.

The fight scene below is an example of this unity of story: 
- Checco is a stage manager of a failing variety show.
- He is enthralled by Liliana, a dancer trying to get hired for his show.
- Despite the show failing, Cheecco is determined to cobble together a show to star Liliana. 
- While Checco is running around finding variety acts and funds, Liliana is out dating a rich man who promises her her own show. 
- Note how the scene is rather simple (Checco and Liliana fight) but it is HOW they fight that makes it entertaining. 
- The scene starts with "is there an us?" --> sprawls outwards in large emotions -->  but then comes back to answer the central question ("yes there is an us"). 
- Checco begins the scene jealous and wanting Liliana's praise ---> he gives his speech, rejects her --> she flatters him & talks about "us" --> he becomes so enthused, he's doubly committed to "us."

Liliana's pension. Outside. Night.

Checco reaches Liliana's pension and begins to pace fretfully up and down in the empty street.

Fade.

Liliana's pension. Outside. Dawn.

A car drops Liliana off near her pension. She is astonished and embarrassed to find Checco waiting at the door for her.

...She opens the door with her key; he steps inside with her.

LILIANA (dismissing him): Well, you'll call me. Goodnight.

CHECCO (not moving): Shall we go?

LILIANA (surprised): Go where? The landlady's asleep at this hour.

CHECCO (significantly): That's just as well... (Harshly.) Eh, my girl! What's got into your head, anyway? Just because I've always respected you, you think I'm a fool? Hah! ... (He angrily extracts a sheaf of photographs from his pocket and thrusts them into her hands.) Just look here, look here, there're thirty-two of them. Count them, count them: thirty-two women. Every one of them prettier than the next. And they were all in love with me. They loved me, they respected me! They thought I was the greatest thing int he world. But you... (Seizing the pictures.) Give 'em here! I've seen right through you, you know. You're a calculator, you add up your accounts in cold blood. All right. I'm adding up mine. I've done some favors for you, and since I do like you, whatever the reason...Then...tit for tat...let's go...

LILIANA (calmly): All right.

He starts to lead her up the stairs, but her ready response has astonished and painfully deluded him.

CHECCO (controlling his anger): So you...just like that, eh? You understand what I just said?  

LILIANA (calmly): Yes. 

CHECCO (turning on her): Goddammit! 

The humiliation revelation of Liliana's character is too much for Checco: he slaps her in jealous rage, then starts back down the stairs. Liliana cries after him.

LILIANA (mortified and alarmed): Checco...oh!...oh! ,,,Checco, Checco, wait, don't be like that!

Checco stops, already repenting his action. Liliana tries to mollify him.

LILIANA: Come, sit down a moment.

He sits down on the stairs but avoids looking at her.  

LILIANA (soothingly): All over? If it makes you feel any better, go right ahead and hit me. (In tender reproof.) You can't wear a beret with white tie! And you really shouldn't even have put on a white tie! (More confidently.) You know you're some funny fellow? Tell me, did you win all those thirty-two women with that beret on? (Seeing she has made a false step.) don't get mad, I'm just kidding. I'm kidding you like that because i like you. In my own way, of course. But you mustn't be jealous of everyone who'll want to help me. We two have so far to go. I know you've had bad luck and that you're good, very good. Just think of it, Checco...What success lies ahead!

CHECCO (still despairing): Where? 

LILIANA (gazing into the glamorous future): Everywhere! In every theater we'll play in. With huge colored posters...and my name this high (Gesturing.) ...and yours too, in lights up on the marquee...

Checco begins to be caught up in her vision; he lifts his head and follows her rapturous gaze.

LILIANA: ...flashing on and off...and the house full...all full...and me coming down the ramp...all dressed in plumes...(Turning to him.) Look, Checco, I'm all goose flesh just thinking of it!

CHECCO (reciting from D'Annunzio): "The rain...the rain falls on the tamerisks, salty and sun-scorched; the rain falls on the myrtle divine..." (Again inspired with self-confidence.)  Ah! I'm an artist, you know, and you're one too; you've still got rough edges...but you'll see, we two, together always...always...(Turning ecstatically to her.) I'll put together a company myself, I don't need anybody else...(Overjoyed at this inspired solution.) I'll set up my own company... I promise you.

Their reverie is interrupted as another lodger passes them on the stairs, forcing them to rise. 

WHAT I'VE LEARNED: This fight scene runs rampant with twisty, turning emotions, but is tethered by the unity of story.  It didn't leave the central conflict up in the air but answered it. 

City Lights (1950) 
by  Federico Fellini, Ennio Flaiano, Alberto Lattuada, Tullio Pinelli
Story by Federico Fellini

Monday, October 5, 2026

TODAY'S NUGGET: Il Lavoro, "The Job" (1962; part of the Boccaccio '70 anthology) - The "Bids" in Small Moments Show the Marriage is Not Dead

[Quick Summary: A couple argue after the husband is caught with a prostitute by the press.]

In this short film, writer/director Luchino Visconti is interested in the small moments of marital dynamics.

But how does he keep the "small" from being boring?

He has his characters make interesting choices, i.e., lingering when most people would move on, or moving on when others would linger.

For example, in today's scene below:
- Visconti seems interested here in how normal people do connect, even in crisis.
- Here, Pupe is married to Ottavio, a count who has cheated on her. 
- The newspapers are hounding them about the scandal.
- They come home one evening and do not really speak about the scandal.
- Pupe is mad at Ottavio but still wants him to notice her.
- She doesn't do the normal thing and insult or provoke him.  
- There must be some feeling on each side because they pay attention to each other. She puts out a "bid" for attention by asking a question. He does the same. 
- They start to establish a rhythm and it furthers a connection.

Pupe's apartment.

...No answer. Ottavio decides to go into the bedroom. Pupe is standing in front of the mirror in her slip. Her hair has been arranged differently.

COUNT: What're you doing? (Pupe spreads out her hands as if to say, "You can see'; then she opens the wardrobe.) Do you want to go out? Let's go to the Rock.

Pupe has taken a dress from the wardrobe and puts it on. It is a very elegant evening dress.

PUPE: I'm going out.

COUNT (irritated): You mean you're going out on your own?

PUPE (nodding affirmatively): Uh huh. (Pupe finishes arranging her dress; she is in a hurry.) I'm going to La Scala for a minute; I have an appointment with Wally. (Brusquely) These kinds of things don't interest you, dear. It's for my work. I'm late now, and ...

COUNT (offended): Excuse me, excuse me. Then I'll go to the club. 

Pupe is not listening; and Ottavio, ever more offended, leaves the room. Alone, Pupe looks at herself in the mirror one last time. She completes her toilette and picks up her accessories, then leaves the apartment and crosses the drawing room. 

Ottavio is alone in the drawing room, sitting in an armchair almost in the dark.

PUPE: Night. 

Ottavio does not answer. Pupe continues across the drawing room. She is about to go out when she slows her steps. 

PUPE (to Ottavio, without turning to him): Didn't you say you were going out? [This is her "bid."]

COUNT: Yes. No. I don't know. I want to read. [He answers the bid.]

PUPE: Oh.

She is about to start off again, but she stops once more to look in the mirror. 

Actually she is watching her husband stealthily. Then she looks again at her own image. 

PUPE (impatient): Damn.

Pupe turns back with resolute step. As she passes before the count he asks her lazily: 

COUNT: Forget something? [This is his "bid."]

PUPE: All wrong. [She answers.]

COUNT: All what?

Pupe stops and turns to him. She seems very edgy and impatient.

PUPE: This dress, can't you see?

COUNT: What's wrong with it?  

Pupe comes over to Ottavio.

PUPE: The tone's wrong. A person looking for a job...How would you dress?

COUNT (still half-sprawled out in the armchair): If you're going to La Scala...

PUPE: But I'm not going for the opera!

COUNT: Who ever goes for the opera?

PUPE (out of patience): Ooooh!

She hurries out of the room.

Delighted to have found something to do, Ottavio gets up too, throws his book to the floor, and follows his wife.

COUNT: Pupe. Wait, Pupe. I'll help you choose something.  

WHAT I'VE LEARNED: Writers have to find that fine line in which characters make interesting decisions, but not false ones. 

"Bids" for attention is a good entry point for writers to consider.  What does the character want to happen?

Il Lavoro (1962) 
by Suso Cecchi d'Amico, Luchino Visconti
From an idea by Cesare Zavattini, based on Maupassant's short story, Au Bord du Lit

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